Time and Timelessness or Eternity

a) '....... the past and future are created species of time, which we unconsciously but wrongly transfer to eternal being, for we say that it 'was', or 'is', or 'will be', but the truth is that ' is' alone is properly attributed to it, and that 'was' and 'will be' are only to be spoken of becoming in time, for they are motions, but that which is immovably the same forever cannot become older or younger by time, nor can it be said that it came into being in the past, or has come into being now, or will come into being in the future, nor is it subject at all to any of those states which affect moving and sensible things and of which generation is the cause.'
Plato, Timaeus (Jowett Trans.), 37E-38A.

b) 'When .. we perceive the 'now' as one, and neither as before and after in a motion nor as an identity but in relation to a 'before ' and an 'after', no time is thought to have elapsed, because there has been no motion either. On the other hand, when we do perceive a ' before' and an 'after', then we say that there is time. For time is just this - number of motion in respect of 'before' and 'after'.'
Aristotle, Physics, 219B.

c) 'That which neither has been nor will be, but simply possesses being; that which enjoys stable existence as neither in process of change nor having ever changed - that is Eternity. Thus we come to the definition: the Life - instantaneously entire, complete, at no point broken into period or part - which belongs to the Authentic Existent by its very existence, this is the thing we were probing for - this is Eternity.' '.... We know it as a Life changelessly motionless and ever holding the Universal content in actual presence; not this now and now that other, but always all; not existing now in one mode and now in another, but a consummation without part or interval. All its content is in immediate concentration as at one point; nothing in it ever knows development: all remains identical within itself,knowing nothing of change, forever in a Now, since nothing of it has passed away or will come into being, but what it is now, that it is ever.'
Plotinus, Enneads (MacKenna trans.), III, 7.

d) 'For if eternity and time are rightly distinguished by this, that time does not exist without some movement and transition, while in eternity there is no change.'
Augustine, City of God, Book XI, Ch VI.

e) '.... their heart flieth about in the past and future motion of things, and is still wavering. Who shall hold it and fix it, that it may rest a little, and by degrees catch the glory of that ever-standing eternity, and compare it with the times which never stand, and see that it is incomparable.'
Augustine,Confessions, Book XI, Ch XI.

f) 'But thought's the slave of life, and life time's fool; And Time, that takes survey of all the world, Must have a stop.'
Shakespeare, IHenryIV,V,4, 83.

Return to stage 12 analysis.