Aalto, [Hugo] Alvar Henrik  Finnish architect & furniture designer _1898-1976
Aaron, Henry Louis (Hank)  US baseball player; played for Atlanta Braves (orig. Milwaukee Braves) 1954-1974; hit record 755 career home runs, record 2,297 career runs batted in _1934--
Aasen, Ivar Andreas  Norw. philologist; wrote "Grammar of the Norwegian Dialects" 1848, "Dictionary of the Norwegian Dialects" 1850; constructed Landsmal dialect _1813-1896
Abacha, Sani  Nigerian gen. & polit.; overthrew Ernest Shonekan 1993; head of state of Nigeria 1993-- _19XX--
Abadia [Mendez], Miguel  Colombian polit.; pres. of Colombia 1926-1930 _1867-1947
Abano, Pietro d' (also Peter of Abano)  It. alchemist, philos., physician, & sci. _1257-1315?
Abbad I (Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abbad)  Sp. Muslim admin.; declared Seville independent of Cordoba 1023; 1st independent Muslim ruler of Seville 1023-1042; founder & eponym of Abbadid dynasty _9XX-1042
Abbad II al-Mu'tadid (Abu Amr Abbad)  Muslim ruler of Seville 1042-1068 & conqueror; son of Abbad I _10XX-1068
Abbad III al-Mu'tamid  Muslim ruler of Seville 1068-1091 & poet; seized Cordoba 1071-1075, 1078-1091; overthrown; son of Abbad II _10XX
Abbas I Pasha  viceroy of Egypt 1848-1854; assassinated; grandson of Muhammad Ali Pasha _1813-1854
Abbas II Hilmi  last khedive of Egypt 1892-1914; son of Mehmed Tewfik _1874-1944
Abbas I (Abbas the Great)  Safavid shah of Persia 1586-1628; expelled Ottoman & Uzbek forces from Persia; moved capital to Isfahan _1557?-1628
Abbas, Ferhat  Algerian nationalist & polit.; head of Algerian nationalist government 1958-1961 _1899-1985
Abbe, Cleveland  US meteorologist & advocate of time zones; father of US Weather Bureau _1838-1916
Abbe, Ernst  Ger. phys. & inventor of optical equipment _1840-1905
Abbe, Robert  US surgeon & pioneer radiologist _1851-1928
Abbey, Edward  US radical environmentalist _1927-1989
Abbey, Edwin Austin  US painter & illustrator _1852-1911
Abbey, Henry Eugene  US theater manager _1846-1896
Abbot, Charles Greeley (C. G. Abbot)  US astrophysicist; secy. of Smithsonian Institution 1928-1944 _1872-1973
Abbot, George  Eng. prelate; archbishop of Canterbury 1611-1633 _1562-1633
Abbott, Edwin Abbott  Eng. aut., math., & Shakespearean scholar; wrote mathematical novel "Flatland" 1884 _1838-1926
Abbott, Grace  US social reformer _1878-1939
Abbott, John Joseph Caldwell, Sir  Can. polit.; prime min. of Canada 1891-1892 _1821-1893
Abbott, Lyman  US Congregational clergyman & editor _1835-1922
Abbott, William (Bud)  US comedian with Lou Costello _1895-1974
Abboud, Ibrahim  Sudanese dictator, gen., & polit.; head of state of Sudan 1958-1964; pres. of Sudan 1964; resigned _1900-1983
Abd-al-Aziz, Mulai IV (also Abd-el-Aziz)  sultan of Morocco 1894-1908; deposed; son of Hassan I _1878-1943
Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud  1st king of Saudi Arabia 1932-1953; founder & eponym of Saudi Arabia _1880?-1953
Abd al-Hadi, Awni  Palestinian polit.; advocate of Pan-Arab movement; helped establish Arab League 1945 _1889-1970
Abd al-Hafiz, Mulai  sultan of Morocco 1908-1912; abdicated; son of Abd-al-Aziz _1873-1937
Abd al-Ilah ibn Ali ibn Hussein  Iraqi polit.; regent of Iraq 1939-1953 for cousin Faisal II; killed in Iraq Revolution _1913-1958
Abd al-Krim (also Abd-el-Krim, Abd-al-Karim; Muhammad ibn Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi)  Moroccan Berber chieftain & nationalist _1881?-1963
Abd al-Majid (al-Amir 'Abd al-Majid Didi)  sultan of Maldives 1945-1952 _1873?-1952
Abd al-Qadir (also Abdelkader)  Arab leader in Algeria _1808-1883
Abdallah, Ahmed (also Ahmad 'Abd Allah)  Comoros polit.; last Fr. high commissioner of Comoros 1972-1975; 1st pres. of Comoros 1975, 1978-1989; assassinated _1919-1989
Abd ar-Rahman, Mulai  sultan of Morocco 1822-1859 _1778-1859
'Abd as-Sattar  Bangladeshi polit.; pres. of Bangladesh 1981-1982 _1906--
Abdel-Meguid, Ahmed Asmat (also Ahmed Esmat Abdel Meguid)  Egyptian diplomat; Egyptian foreign minister 1984-1993; secy-gen. of Arab League 1991-- _1923--
'Abdorrahman (also Abdurrahman; Ziya' al-Millat wa'd-Din 'Abd ar-Rahman Khan)  emir of Afghanistan 1880-1901 _1844?-1901
Abduh, Muhammad (also Muhammad 'Abduh)  Egyptian Muslim fundamentalist religious reformer; father of Islamic modernism _1849-1905
Abdul, Paula  US singer; wife of Emilio Estevez 1992 _1962--
Abdulaziz  Ottoman sultan of Turkey 1861-1876 _1830-1876
Abdulhamid II  Ottoman sultan of Turkey 1876-1909 _1842-1918
Abdul-Jabbar, Kareem (orig. [Ferdinand] Lewis Alcinor Jr., Lew)  US basketball player; played for Milwaukee Bucks 1969-1975, Los Angeles Lakers 1975-1989; scored record 38,387 lifetime points _1947--
Abdullah ibn Hussein  emir of Transjordan 1921-1949; king of Jordan 1949-1951; assassinated; son of Hussein ibn Ali _1882-1951
Abdullah, Muhammad  Indian polit.; chief minister of Jammu & Kashmir 1948-1953, 1975-1982 _1905-1982
Abdulmecid I (also Abdul Mejid I)  Ottoman sultan of Turkey 1839-1861 _1823-1861
Abdul Rahman, Tuanku  king of Federation of Malaya 1957-1960 _1895-1960
Abe, Kobo  Japanese nov. & poet; wrote novels "Inter Ice Age Four" 1971, "The Woman in the Dunes" 1965, "Secret Rendezvous" 1980 _1924-1993
Abe, Nobuyuki  Japanese gen. & polit.; prime min. of Japan 1939-1940; last Japanese gov-gen. of Korea 1944-1945 _1875-1953
Abe, Shintaro  Japanese diplomat & polit.; Japanese foreign minister 1982-1986; son-in-law of Nobusuke Kishi _1924-1991
A'Beckett, Gilbert Abbott  Eng. dram., editor, & humorist _1811-1856
Abegg, Richard  Ger. chem.; pioneer of valence theory _1869-1910
Abel  king of Denmark 1250-1252; son of Valdemar II Sejr _1218-1252
Abel, Frederick Augustus, Sir  Eng. explosives chem.; co-inventor of cordite _1827-1902
Abel, Iorwith Wilbur (I. W. Abel)  US labor leader; pres. of United Steelworkers of America 1965-1977 _1908-1987
Abel, John Jacob  US biochem. & pharmacologist _1857-1938
Abel, Niels Henrik  Norw. math. _1802-1829
Abel, Othenio  Aus. paleontologist; founder of paleobiology _1875-1945
Abel, Rudolf Ivanovich  Rus. spy _1902-1971
Abelard, Peter (also Pierre Abailard)  Fr. theol.; lover of Heloise _1079-1144?
Abelson, Philip Hauge  US physical chem. _1913--
Abercrombie, James  Brit. gen. _1706-1781
Abercrombie, Lascelles (the Georgian Laureate)  Eng. critic & poet _1881-1938
Abercrombie, [Leslie] Patrick, Sir  Eng. architect & city planner; brother of Lascelles Abercrombie _1879-1957
Abercromby, Ralph, Sir  Brit. gen. _1734-1801
Aberdeen, Earl of (George Hamilton-Gordon)  Brit. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1852-1855 _1784-1860
Aberdeen, Earl of (John Campbell Hamilton-Gordon)  Eng. admin. in Canada; gov-gen. of Canada 1893-1898 _1847-1934
Aberhart, William  Can. polit. _1878-1943
Abernathy, Ralph David  US clergyman & civil rights leader; organized Southern Christian Leadership Conference 1957 _1926-1990
Abernethy, George  US businessman; 1st gov. of Oregon territory _1807-1877
Abetti, Antonio  It. astronomer _1846-1928
Abich, Otto Hermann Wilhelm  Ger. geologist _1806-1886
Abington, Fanny (orig. Frances Barton)  Eng. actress _1737-1815
Abiola, Moshood Kashimawo Olawale (M. K. O. Abiola)  Nigerian Yoruba businessman & polit.; pres.-elect of Nigeria 1993 before election annulled by Ibrahim Babangida _1937?--
Abney, William de Wiveleslie  Eng. astronomer & photographer _1843-1920
Abraham, [Fahrid] Murray (F. Murray Abraham)  US actor; starred in movies "Amadeus" 1984, "The Name of the Rose" 1986 _1940--
Abraham, Max  Ger. phys. _1875-1922
Abrahams, Harold  Brit. runner _1900-1978
Abrams, Creighton Williams  US gen.; commanded US forces in Vietnam War 1968-1972; army chief of staff 1972-1974 _1914-1974
Abrams, Harry Nathan  Eng. publisher _1904-1979
Abramson, Harold Alexander  US psychiatrist _1899-1980
Abravanel, Isaac (also Isaac Abrabanel, Abarbanel)  Port. Jewish apologist, Biblical commentator, financial admin., & theol.; father of Judah Abravanel _1437-1508
Abravanel, Judah Leon (also Judah Abrabanel, Abarbanel; Leon Hebreo, Leo Hebraeus, Leo the Hebrew)  Sp. Jewish physician & poet; wrote "Dialogues of Love" (also "Dialoghi di Amore"); son of Isaac Abravanel _1460?-1535?
Abreu, Aleixo de  Port. physician & tropical pathologist _1568-1630
Abruzzi, Luigi Amedeo Giuseppe Maria Ferdinando Francesco, Duke of the (Prince of Savoy-Aosta)  It. explorer & naval officer; led It. navy in World War I 1914-1917 _1873-1933
Abs, Hermann Josef  Ger. banker _1901-1994
Abshire, David Manker  US admin. & diplomat; US ambassador to NATO 1983-1987 _1926--
Abu al-Qasim (also Abul Kasim, Albucasis)  Sp. Arab physician _936?-1013?
Abu Bakr (also Abu-Bakr, Abu Bekr)  1st caliph of Mecca 632-634; father-in-law of Muhammad _573-634
Abubakar III, Siddiq, Sir  Nigerian Muslim leader; sultan of Sokoto 1938-1988 _1903-1988
Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi, Hibat Allah  Arab philos. & phys. _1080?-1165?
Abulfeda (also Abulfida)  Syrian geographer, historian, & sultan _1273-1331
Abul Wefa (also Abu 'l Wafa, Albuzdschani)  Arab astronomer & math. _940-998?
Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi, Ja'far ibn Muhammad  Arab astrologer _787-886
Aburta Martinez, Mario  Mex. assassin of Luis Donaldo Colosio _1970?--
Abu Salma (orig. Abd al-Karim al-Karmi)  Palestinian poet _1906-1980
Abzug, Bella Savitsky  US polit.; 1st Jewish woman in Congress 1971 _1920--
Ace, Johnny (orig. John Marshall Alexander Jr.)  US singer; suicide playing Rus. roulette _1929-1954
Achard, Franz Karl  Ger. chem. & phys. _1753-1821
Achard, Marcel (orig. Marcel Auguste Ferreol)  Fr. director & dram. _1900-1974
Acharius, Erik  Swed. botanist _1757-1819
Acheampong, Ignatius Kuti  Ghanaian army officer & polit.; head of state of Ghana 1972-1979; overthrown & killed _1931-1979
Achebe, Chinua (orig. Albert Chinualumogu)  Nigerian nov.; wrote novel "Things Fall Apart" 1958 _1930--
Acheson, Dean Gooderham  US diplomat; Secy. of State 1949-1953; helped formulate Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan; helped found NATO 1949 _1893-1971
Acheson, Edward Goodrich  US chem.; inventor of carborundum; manufacturer of carborundum & graphite _1856-1931
Ackley, [Hugh] Gardner  US economist; chairman of Council of Economic Advisors 1964-1968 _1915--
Acosta, Dantos  Colombian gen. & polit.; pres. of Colombia 1867-1868 _1828-1901
Ada, Joseph Franklin  US polit.; gov. of Guam 1986-- _1943--
Adalbert  Bohemian bishop, martyr, & missionary; bishop of Prague 983-997; murdered _956-997
Adam of Bodenstein  Swi. alchemist & physician _1528-1577
Adam, Adolphe Charles  Fr. operatic composer _1803-1856
Adam, James  Eng. architect & furniture designer _1730-1794
Adam, John  Brit. admin. in India; acting gov-gen. of Brit. E. India Co. 1823 _1779-1825
Adam, Robert  Eng. architect & furniture designer _1728-1792
Adamov, Arthur  Fr. (Rus.-born) Absurdist dram. & translator _1908-1970
Adams, Abigail (nee Smith)  US wife of John Adams 1764 _1744-1818
Adams, Ansel Easton  US nature photographer _1902-1984
Adams, Brockman (Brock)  US polit.; 1st chairman of House Budget Committee 1975-1977; Secy. of Transportation 1977-1979 _1927--
Adams, Brooks  US historian & political sci.; wrote history "The Law of Civilization and Decay" 1896; grandson of John Quincy Adams _1848-1927
Adams, Charles Francis Jr.  US lawyer & historian; grandson of John Quincy Adams _1835-1915
Adams, Charles Francis Sr.  US diplomat; son of John Quincy Adams _1807-1886
Adams, Charles Francis III  US admin.; Secy. of Navy 1929-1933; great-grandson of John Quincy Adams _1866-1954
Adams, Charles Francis  US electronics industrialist; 1st pres. of Raytheon Co. 1948-1960, 1962-1964; chairman of Raytheon Co. 1960-1962, 1964-1972; son of Charles Francis Adams III _1910--
Adams, Charles Kendall  US educator; pres. of Cornell Univ. 1885-1892 _1835-1902
Adams, Don  US comic television actor _1926--
Adams, Douglas Noel  Eng. humorist & science fiction nov.; wrote novels "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" 1979, "The Restaurant at the End of the Universe" 1980, "Life, the Universe, and Everything" 1982 _1952--
Adams, Edwin  US actor _1834-1877
Adams, Frank Dawson  Can. geologist _1859-1942
Adams, Franklin Pierce (pseud. F. P. A.)  US journalist; member of the Algonquin Wits _1881-1960
Adams, Gerard (Gerry)  Irish nationalist & polit.; leader of Sinn Fein 1983--; helped negotiate IRA cease-fire 1994 _1948--
Adams, Grizzly (orig. John Adam)  US mountain man & animal trainer; captured & trained large animals for circuses & zoos; subject & eponym of television series "Grizzly Adams" 1977-1978 _1812-1860
Adams, Harriet (nee Stratemeyer; pseud. Carolyn Keene)  US juvenile mystery nov.; wrote Nancy Drew & Hardy Boys books; daughter of Edward Stratemeyer _1893-1982
Adams, Henry Brooks  US aut., autobiographer, & historian; wrote autobiography "The Education of Henry Adams" 1907; grandson of John Quincy Adams _1838-1918
Adams, Herbert Baxter  US historian & pioneer history educator; teacher of Frederick Turner & Woodrow Wilson _1850-1901
Adams, James Truslow  US historian _1878-1949
Adams, John  US diplomat & polit.; 1st vice-pres. of US 1789-1797; 2nd pres. of US 1797-1801; father of John Quincy Adams _1735-1826
Adams, John  US actor _1874-1925
Adams, John Couch  Eng. astronomer; predicted existence of Neptune indedependently of Urbain Leverrier 1845 _1819-1892
Adams, John James (Jack; Jovial Jawn)  Can. hockey player _1895-1968
Adams, John Michael Geoffrey Manningham (Tom)  Barbados polit.; prime min. of Barbados 1976-1985 _1931-1985
Adams, John Quincy  US diplomat & polit.; Secy. of State 1817-1825; Dem.-Rep. pres. cand. 1820; 6th pres. of US 1825-1829; National Rep. pres. cand. 1828; son of John Adams _1767-1848
Adams, Louisa Catherine (nee Johnson)  US (Eng.-born) wife of John Quincy Adams 1797 _1775-1852
Adams, Robert McCormick Jr.  US anthropologist; provost of Univ. of Chicago 1982-1984; secy. of Smithsonian Institution 1984-- _1926--
Adams, Samuel (the American Cato)  US brewer, patriot, & polit.; gov. of Massachusetts 1793-1797 _1722-1803
Adams, Samuel Hopkins (pseud. Warner Fabian)  US aut. & journalist _1871-1958
Adams, Scott Raymond  US cartoonist; created Dilbert _1957--
Adams, Sherman  US polit.; gov. of New Hampshire 1949-1953; advisor to Dwight Eisenhower; unofficial White House chief of staff 1953-1958 _1899-1986
Adams, Stanley  US lyricist & songwriter; wrote songs "La Cucaracha", "What a Diff'rence a Day Made"; pres. of ASCAP 1953-1956, 1959-1980 _1907-1994
Adams, Walter Sydney  US astronomer, astrophysicist, & spectroscopist; discovered 1st white dwarf star 1915 _1876-1956
Adams, William  Eng. explorer; 1st Englishman to visit Japan 1600 _1564-1620
Adamson, Joy-Friederike Victoria  Kenyan ethologist; possibly murdered _1910-1980
Adanson, Michel  Fr. naturalist & philos. _1727-1806
Addams, Charles Samuel  US cartoonist; creator & eponym of the Addams Family _1912-1988
Addams, [Laura] Jane  US pacifist, social worker, sociologist, & suffragist; founded Hull House 1889; NP Peace 1931 _1860-1935
Adderly, Julian Edwin (Cannonball)  US jazz musician & alto saxophonist _1928-1975
Addington, Henry  Brit. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1801-1804 _1757-1844
Addinsell, Richard  Eng. composer _1904-1977
Addison, Joseph (the English Atticus)  Eng. essayist, poet, & polit.; wrote essay "Account of the Greatest English Poets" 1694, opera "Rosamond" 1706; friend of & collaborator with Richard Steele _1672-1719
Addison, Thomas  Eng. physician _1793?-1860
Addonizio, Hugh Joseph  US polit.; mayor of Newark 1962-1970 _1914-1981
Ade, George  US dram. & humorist; wrote "Fables in Slang" 1890-1900 _1866-1944
Adelard of Bath  Eng. math., scholar, & translator _109X-115X
Adkins, Janet Elaine  US Alzheimer's disease victim; 1st suicide assisted by Jack Kevorkian _1935?-1990
Adleman, Leonard (Len)  US cryptographer; co-inventor & co-eponym of RSA encryption _19XX--
Adenauer, Konrad (der Alte)  Ger. polit.; 1st chancellor of W. Germany 1949-1963; 1st W. Ger. foreign minister 1951-1955 _1876-1967
Adeodatus I (also Deusdedit I)  It. saint & pope 615-618 _5XX-618
Adeodatus II (also Adeodatus I)  It. saint & pope 672-676 _6XX-676
Aderemi I, Titus Martins Adesoji Tadeniawo, Sir  Nigerian polit. & Yoruba religious leader; ruler of Ife 1930-1980; gov. of W. Nigeria 1960-1963 _1889-1980
Adler, Alfred  Aus. psychiatrist & psychologist; emphasized power & inferiority complexes; student of Sigmund Freud _1870-1937
Adler, Cyrus  US educator, religious leader, & scholar _1863-1940
Adler, Felix  US educator & reformer; founder of Ethical Culture Society _1851-1933
Adler, Jacob Pavlovitch (the Great Eagle)  US (Rus.-born) actor _1855-1926
Adler, Julius Ochs  US publisher _1892-1955
Adler, Maurice (Buddy)  US movie producer; produced movies "From Here to Eternity" 1953, "Bus Stop" 1956 _1909-1960
Adler, Peter Herman  US (Czechoslovakian-born) conductor; conducted Baltimore Symphony Orchestra 1959-1968 _1899-1990
Adolf  grand duke of Luxembourg 1890-1905; 1st grand duke of independent Luxembourg _1817-1905
Adolph Frederick  Swed. king 1751-1771; 1st ruler of Holstein-Gottorp dynasty; nephew of Frederick _1710-1771
Adoree, Renee (orig. Jeanne De La Fonte)  Fr. actress & circus performer _1898-1933
Adoula, Cyrille  Kinshasa-Congolese polit.; prime min. of Congo 1961-1964 _1921-1978
Adrain, Robert  US (Irish-born) math. _1775-1843
Adrian I (also Hadrian I)  It. pope 772-795 _7XX-795
Adrian II (also Hadrian II)  It. pope 867-872 _792-872
Adrian III (also Hadrian III)  It. saint & pope 884-885 _8XX-885
Adrian IV (also Hadrian IV; orig. Nicholas Breakspear)  only Eng. pope 1154-1159; gave Ireland to Henry II of England _1100?-1159
Adrian V (also Hadrian V; orig. Ottobuono Fieschi)  It. pope 1276 _1205?-1276
Adrian VI (also Hadrian VI; orig. Adrian Florensz)  Dutch pope 1522-1523 _1459-1523
Adrian, Edgar Douglas  Brit. neurologist; NP Med. 1932 _1889-1977
Aelfheah (also Alphege)  Eng. prelate & saint; archbishop of Canterbury 1006-1012 _954-1012
Aelfric (Aelfric Grammaticus)  Eng. abbot & aut. _955?-1010?
Aepinus, Franz Ulrich Theodosius  Ger. math. & phys. _1724-1802
Aeschines  Gk. orator in Athens _389b-314b
Aeschylus  Gk. tragic dram.; wrote plays "Prometheus Bound", "Seven Against Thebes", "The Persians", "The Suppliants", trilogy "Oresteia" ("Agamemnon", "Choephoroe", "Eumenides"); father of Gk. tragedy _525b-456b
Aesop  Gk. slave & fable aut.; wrote "Aesop's Fables" _620b?-560b?
Aethelstan the Glorious (also Athelstan)  Eng. king 924-939; son of Edward the Elder _894?-939
Afanasyev, Viktor Grigoryevich  Rus. Soviet editor; editor-in-chief of Pravda 1976-1989 _1922-1994
Aflaq, Michel  Syrian polit.; co-founded Ba'ath Party 1943; helped establish United Arab Rep. 1958 _1910--
Afonso I Henriques (Afonso the Conqueror; Afonso el Conquistador)  count of Portugal 1128-1139; Port. king 1139-1185; 1st king of all Portugal _1109?-1185
Afonso II (Afonso el Grosso)  Port. king 1211-1223; son of Sancho I _1185-1223
Afonso III (Count of Boulogne)  regent of Portugal 1245-1248; Port. king 1248-1279; son of Afonso II _1210-1279
Afonso IV (Afonso the Brave; Afonso el Bravo)  Port. king 1325-1357; son of Diniz _1291-1357
Afonso V (Afonso el Africano)  Port. king 1438-1481; ruled under regency 1438-1448; son of Duarte _1432-1481
Afonso VI  Port. king 1656-1667; ruled under regency 1656-1667; deposed; son of John IV _1643-1683
Afrifa, Okatakyie Akwasi Amankwaa  Ghanaian gen. & polit.; head of state of Ghana 1969-1970 _1936-1979
Aga Khan III  Shiite Ismailian religious leader; imam of Ismailian Muslims 1885-1957 _1877-1957
Aga Khan IV (Karim Aga Khan IV)  Swi.-born Shiite Ismailian religious leader; imam of Ismailian Muslims 1957--; grandson of Aga Khan III _1936--
Agapitus I (also Agapetus I)  saint & pope 535-536 _5XX-536
Agapitus II (also Agapetus II)  It. pope 946-955 _9XX-955
Agardh, Carl Adolph  Swed. botanist _1785-1859
Agardh, Jacob Georg  Swed. botanist; son of Carl Adolph Agardh _1813-1901
Agassi, Andre  US tennis player _1970--
Agassiz, Alexander  US engineer, oceanographer, & zoologist _1835-1910
Agassiz, Elizabeth Cabot (nee Cory)  US educator; co-founder & 1st pres. of Radcliffe College 1894-1902; wife of Louis Agassiz _1822-1907
Agassiz, [Jean] Louis [Rodolphe]  US (Swi.-born) naturalist & zoologist; discovered movement of glaciers; proposed Ice Age _1807-1873
Agatho  It. saint & pope 678-681 _6XX-681
Agathocles  tyrant of Syracuse 316b-304b; king of Syracuse 304b-289b _361b-289b
Agee, James  US aut.; wrote film script "The African Queen" 1951, unfinished novel "A Death in the Family" 1957 _1909-1955
Ager, Milton  US songwriter; composed song "Happy Days Are Here Again" 1929 _1893-1979
Agesilaus II  Gk. king of Sparta 399b-360b _444b?-360b
Agiyamal Khan (Irinchenpal)  ruler of Mongol Empire 1332; son of Qutugtu Khan _1326-1332
Agnesi, Maria Gaetana  It. math. _1718-1799
Agnew, Spiro Theodore  US polit.; gov. of Maryland 1967-1969; vice-pres. of US 1969-1973; resigned _1918--
Agnon, Shmuel Yosef (also Samuel Joseph Agnon; orig. Shmuel Yosef Czaczkes)  Israeli (Aus.-born) aut.; wrote novels "Bridal Canopy" 1931, "A Guest for the Night" 1939, "Days Gone By" 1945; NP Lit. 1966 _1888-1970
Agnos, Arthur Christ (Art)  US polit.; mayor of San Francisco 1988-1992 _1938--
Agricola, Georgius (orig. Georg Bauer)  Ger. mineralogist; father of mineralogy _1494-1555
Agricola, Gnaeus Julius  Rom. gen. _040-093
Agrippa, Heinrich Cornelius (also Henricus Agrippa; Agrippa von Nettesheim)  Ger. alchemist & occultist _1486-1535
Agrippa, Marcus Vispanius  Rom. polit. _063b?-012b
Agrippina the Elder  Rom. empress; mother of Caligula _014b?-033
Agrippina the Younger  Rom. empress; mother of Nero _015?-059
Agt, Andries Antonius Maria van  Dutch polit.; prime min. of Netherlands 1977-1982 _1931--
Aguilon, Francois d'  Belgian math. & phys. _1546-1617
Aguinaldo, Emilio  Philippine gen., nationalist, & polit.; 1st pres. of Philippines 1898-1901 _1869-1964
Aguirre [Cerda], Pedro  Chilean polit.; pres. of Chile 1938-1941 _1879-1941
Aguiyi-Ironsi, Johnson Thomas Umananke  Nigerian Ibo polit.; pres. of Nigeria 1966; overthrown & killed _1924-1966
Ahidjo, Ahmadou  Cameroon polit.; prime min. of Cameroon 1958-1960, 1961-1975; 1st pres. of Cameroon 1960-1982 _1924-1989
Ahlfors, Lars Valerian  US (Finnish-born) math.; studied theory of quasi-conformal mappings; one of 1st two recipients of Fields Medal 1936 _1907--
Ahmad (al-Amir Ahmad Muhammad Amin Didi)  sultan of Maldives 1952-1953; pres. of Maldives 1953 _1906-1954
Ahmad [Shah Bahadur]  Mogul emperor of India 1748-1754; deposed; son of Muhammad Shah _1725-1773
Ahmad, Khundaqar Mushtaqi  Bangladeshi polit.; pres. of Bangladesh 1975; successor of Mujibur Rahman _1918--
Ahmad, Tajuddin  Bangladeshi polit.; 1st prime min. of Bangladesh 1971-1972; killed _1925-1975
Ahmad Bey II, Sidi  ruler of Tunisia 1929-1942; son of Ali Bey III _1862-1942
Ahmad ibn Yusuf  Arab math. _8XX-913?
Ahmed III  Ottoman sultan 1703-1730 _1673-1736
Ahmed, Fakhruddin Ali  Indian polit.; pres. of India 1974-1977 _1905-1977
Ahmeti, Vilson  Albanian polit.; prime min. of Albania 1991-1992 _1951--
Ahmose  Egyptian mathematical scribe _16XXb
Aho, Esko Tapani  Finnish polit.; prime min. of Finland 1991-- _1954--
Ahomadegbe, Justin Tometin  Benin polit.; pres. of Benin 1972; overthrown _1917--
Ahtisaari, Martti  Finnish diplomat & polit.; pres. of Finland 1994-- _1937?--
Aida Yasuaki (also Aida Ammei)  Japanese math. _1747-1817
Aidid, Mohammed Farah  Somali gen. & clan leader; overthrew Muhammad Siad Barre 1991 _1934--
Aikawa, Yoshisuke (also Gisuke Ayukawa)  Japanese businessman; turned Kuhara Mining Co. into Nissan 1928 (also Nihon Sangyo); founder & 1st pres. of Nissan zaibatsu 1931-1945 _1880-1967
Aiken, Conrad Potter  US nov. & poet; wrote poetry collections "Earth Triumphant" 1914, "Selected Poems" 1929, novel "King Coffin" 1935 _1889-1973
Aiken, Howard Hathaway  US computer sci.; designed prototype digital computer Mark I _1900-1973
Aikman, Troy  US football player; quarterback for Dallas Cowboys 1989--; Super Bowl MVP 1993 _1966--
Ailes, Stephen  US admin.; secy. of army 1964-1965 _1912--
Ailey, Alvin Jr.  US choreographer & dancer _1931-1989
Ainsworth, [William] Harrison  Eng. historical nov. _1805-1882
Airy, George Biddell, Sir  Eng. astronomer & math.; Brit. astronomer royal 1835-1881 _1801-1892
Akaka, Daniel Kahikina  US Dem. polit.; Senator from Hawaii 1990-- _1924--
Akashi, Yasushi  Japanese diplomat & UN admin.; supervised Cambodian peace talks & elections 1993 _1931--
Akayev, Askar  Kyrgyz Communist polit.; 1st pres. of Kyrgyzstan 1991-- _1944--
Akbar (Galal ad-Din Abu'l-Fath Muhammad Akbar)   Mogul emperor of India 1556-1605; ruled under regency 1556-1560; son of Humayun _1542-1605
Akbar II  nominal Mogul emperor of India 1806-1837; served under Brit. rule; son of Shah Alam _1759-1837
Akebono (orig. Chadwick Haheo Rowan)  US sumo wrestler; 1st non-Japanese yokozuna 1993 _1969--
Akenside, Mark  Eng. physician & poet _1721-1770
Akerman, Amos Tappan  US lawyer; Atty. Gen. 1870-1872 _1821-1880
Akers, John Fellows  US computer businessman; pres. of IBM 1983-1989; CEO of IBM 1984-1993; chairman of IBM 1986-1993 _1934--
Akerson, George Edward  US journalist; 1st official White House press secretary 1929-1931 _1889-1937
Akhenaton (also Ikhnaton; orig. Amenhotep IV)  king of Egypt 1364b?-1347b?; member of 18th dynasty; son of Amenhotep III; father-in-law of Tutankhamen _13XXb-1347b?
Akhmatova, Anna (orig. Anna Andreyevna Gorenko)  Rus. poet; main founder of Acmeist movement; wrote poetry collections "The White Flock" 1917, "Anno Domini" 1922, "The Willow" 1940, "Requiem" 1963 _1889-1966
Akihito (reign name Heisei)  emperor of Japan 1989--; son of Hirohito _1933--
Akiva (Akiva ben Yosef)  Jewish mystic, rabbi, & theol. _0XX-135?
Akiyama, Toyohiro  Japanese cosmonaut & journalist; 1st Japanese in space, 1st professional journalist in space 1990 _1942--
Akufo-Addo, Edward  Ghanaian polit.; pres. of Ghana 1970-1972 _1906-1979
Alamgir II  Mogul emperor of India 1754-1759; son of Jahandar _1699-1759
Alanbrooke, Viscount (Alan Francis Brooke)  Brit. marshal; fought in World War I & World War II; advisor to Winston Churchill _1883-1963
Alarcon, Pedro Antonio de  Sp. aut. & polit. _1833-1891
Alaric  king of the Visigoths; sacked Rome 410 _370?-410
Alaric II  Visigoth lawgiver; king of the Visigoths 484-507; defeated & killed by Clovis at battle of Poitiers _4XX-507
Alas, Leopoldo  Sp. aut. & critic _1852-1901
Albee, Edward Franklin  US dram.; wrote plays "The Zoo Story" 1958, "The Sandbox" 1959, "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" 1962-1966, "A Delicate Balance" 1966, "Seascape" 1974, "Three Tall Women" 1990-1991 _1928--
Albeniz, Issac  Sp. composer & pianist; composed opera "Pepita Jimenez" 1896, piano suite "Iberia" 1909 _1860-1909
Alberg, Peter  Danish songwriter; composed anthem of Faeroe Islands "Tu alfagra land mitt" _1885-1940
Albers, Josef  US (Ger.-born) painter _1888-1976
Albert I  king of Belgium 1909-1934; grandson of Leopold I _1875-1934
Albert II  king of Belgium 1993--; brother of Baudouin I; son of Leopold III _1934--
Albert I of Austria  duke of Austria 1282-1308; Ger. king 1298-1308; assassinated; son of Rudolf I _1250?-1308
Albert II  duke of Austria 1404-1439 as Albert V; Ger. king 1438-1439; son-in-law of Sigismund _1397-1439
Albert I  prince of Monaco 1889-1922; established Monegasque constitution 1911; son of Charles III _1848-1922
Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha  Brit. (Ger.-born) prince consort; cousin & husband of Victoria 1840; father of Edward VII _1819-1861
Albert, Carl Bert  US polit.; House majority whip 1955-1962; House majority leader 1962-1971; Speaker of the House 1971-1977 _1908--
Albert, Henry William Frederick (Duke of Gloucester)  Brit. admin.; gov-gen. of Australia 1945-1947; son of George V _1900-1974
Alberti, Leone Battista  It. artist; developed laws of perspective _1404-1472
Albertus Magnus (Albert the Great; Count von Bollstadt; the Universal Doctor)  Ger. alchemist, saint, scholar, & theol.; teacher of Thomas Aquinas; discovered element arsenic; patron saint of scientists; canonized 1932 _1200?-1280
Albertz, Heinrich  Ger. clergyman & polit.; opposed Nazis; mayor of W. Berlin 1966-1967 _1915-1993
Albinoni, Tommaso  It. Venetian composer _1671-1751
Alboin  king of Lombardi 565?-572 _5XX-572
Albori, Eugen von, Freiherr  Aus. admin.; Aus. gov. of Bosnia & Herzegovina 1903-1907 _1838-1915
Albrecht  Swed. king 1363-1389; deposed _1340?-1412
Albright, Madeleine (nee Korbel)  US (Czechoslovakian-born) diplomat; US ambassador to UN 1993-- _1937--
Albuquerque, Alfonso de  Port. naval strategist, viceroy, & conqueror in India _1453-1515
Alcaeus  Gk. lyric poet _620b?-580b?
Alcala Zamora y Torres, Niceto  Sp. polit.; prime min. of Spain 1931; pres. of Spain 1931-1936; resigned _1877-1949
Alcedo, Jose Bernardo  Peruvian songwriter; composed Peruvian national anthem _1798-1878
Alcibiades  Gk. Athenian gen. & polit.; led Ionian revolt against Athens; led Athenians against Sparta 411b-409b, regaining Chalcedon & Byzantium; murdered; nephew of Pericles _450b?-404b
Alcmaeon  Gk. anatomist & physician; 1st sci. to make anatomical dissections _5XXb
Alcock, John William, Sir  Eng. aviator; piloted 1st nonstop trans-Atlantic airplane flight 1919, with Arthur Brown as navigator _1892-1919
Alcorn, [Hugh] Meade  US lawyer & polit.; chairman of Rep. National Committee 1957-1959 _1907-1992
Alcott, Amos Bronson  US educator & Transcendentalist; father of Louisa May Alcott _1799-1888
Alcott, Louisa May  US juvenile nov.; wrote novels "Little Women" 1868, "Little Men" 1871, "Jo's Boys" 1886 _1832-1888
Alcuin of York (also Albinus)  Anglo-Saxon math. & scholar; teacher of Charlemagne _732?-804
Alda, Alan (orig. Alphonso D'Abruzzo)  US actor; starred in movie "Catch-22" 1970, series "MASH" 1972-1983 _1936--
Alda, Frances (orig. Frances Davis)  New Zealand soprano singer _1883-1952
Alden, John  American Pilgrim leader in Plymouth colony; great-great-grandfather of John Adams _1599?-1687
Alden, Priscilla (nee Mullens)  American Pilgrim wife of John Alden 1623; beloved of Miles Standish _1604-1680
Alder, Kurt  Ger. chem.; collaborator with Otto Diels; NP Chem. 1950 _1902-1958
Aldrich, Robert  US movie director; directed movies "Whatever Happened to Baby Jane?" 1962, "The Dirty Dozen" 1967, "The Longest Yard" 1974; cousin of David Rockefeller, John D. Rockefeller III, & Nelson Rockefeller _1918-1983
Aldridge, Edward Jr.  US aircraft businessman; secy. of air force 1986-1988 _1938--
Aldrin, Edwin Eugene Jr. (Buzz)  US astronaut; 2nd human to walk on moon 1969 _1930--
Aleichem, Shalom (also Sholem Aleichim; pseud. of Solomon Rabinowitz)  US (Rus.-born) aut. in Yiddish; wrote stories inspiring musical "Fiddler on the Roof" _1859-1916
Aleixandre [y Merlo], Vicente Pio Marcelino Cirilo  Sp. poet; wrote poetry collections "Mis Poemas Mejores" 1937, "En un vasto dominio" 1962; NP Lit. 1977 _1898-1984
Alekhine, Alexander Alexandrovich  Fr. (Rus.-born) chess player; world chess champion 1927-1935, 1937-1946 _1892-1946
Aleman, Mateo  Sp. nov.; wrote picaresque novel "Guzman de Alfarache" 1599 _1547-1614?
Aleman [Valdes], Miguel  Mex. polit.; pres. of Mexico 1946-1952 _1902-1983
Alemany, Joseph Sadoc (also Jose Alemany)  US (Sp.-born) archbishop & missionary; 1st archbishop of San Francisco 1853-1884 _1814-1888
Alessandri [y Palma], Arturo  Chilean polit. & reformer; pres. of Chile 1920-1924, 1925, 1932-1938 _1868-1950
Alessandri [Rodriguez], Jorge  Chilean polit.; pres. of Chile 1958-1964; son of Arturo Alessandri _1896-1986
Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon)  Macedonian gen. & conqueror in Europe & Asia; king of Macedonia 336b-323b; defeated Persians at battles of Granicus 334b, Issus 333b, Arbela 331b _356b-323b
Alexander  Gk. king 1917-1920 _1893-1920
Alexander  Pol. king 1501-1506; son of Casimir IV _1461-1506
Alexander I  Rus. tsar 1801-1825; represented Russia at Congress of Vienna 1814; son of Paul I _1777-1825
Alexander II  Rus. tsar 1855-1881; abolished serfdom 1861; assassinated; son of Nicholas I _1818-1881
Alexander III  Rus. tsar 1881-1894 _1845-1894
Alexander I (also Aleksandar I; Aleksandar Obrenovic)  king of Serbia 1889-1903; assassinated; son of Milan I _1876-1903
Alexander I  dictator & king of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, & Slovenes 1921-1929; dictator & king of Yugoslavia 1929-1934; assassinated; son of Peter I _1888-1934
Alexander I  Rom. saint & pope 105?-115? _0XX-115?
Alexander II (orig. Anselm of Lucca)  It. pope 1061-1073 _10XX-1073
Alexander III (orig. Orlando Bandinelli)  It. pope 1159-1181 _11XX-1181
Alexander IV (orig. Rinaldo Conti, count of Segni)  It. pope 1254-1261 _12XX-1261
Alexander V (orig. Pietro di Candia; Petros Philargos)  It. antipope 1409-1410 _1340?-1410
Alexander VI (orig. Rodrigo Borgia; also Rodrigo Lanzol y Gorja)  pope 1492-1503 _1431?-1503
Alexander VII (orig. Fabio Chigi)  It. pope 1655-1667 _1599-1667
Alexander VIII (orig. Pietro Ottoboni)  It. pope 1689-1691 _1610-1691
Alexander I  Scot. king 1107-1124; son of Malcolm III _1078?-1124
Alexander II  Scot. king 1214-1249; son of William the Lion _1198-1249
Alexander III  Scot. king 1249-1286; ruled under regency 1249-1261; son of Alexander II _1241-1286
Alexander II  Rus. grand prince 1326-1328; son of Andrei III _1301-1339
Alexander [Karadjordjevic]  prince of Serbia 1842-1858; son of Karageorge _1806-1885
Alexander Nevsky (also Alexander I Nevski)  Rus. grand prince 1252-1263, saint, & military hero; defeated Swedes at battle of Neva river 1240; canonized 1547; son of Yaroslav II _1218-1263
Alexander, Albert Victor, Earl  Brit. admin.; Brit. first lord of the admiralty 1929-1931, 1940-1945, 1945-1946 _1885-1965
Alexander, Clifford Jr.  US admin.; chairman of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 1967-1969; 1st black secy. of army 1977-1981 _1933--
Alexander, Grover Cleveland  US baseball player _1887-1950
Alexander, Harold Rupert Leofric George  Brit. marshal; gov-gen. of Canada 1946-1952; led Allied invasion of Italy in World War II 1943 _1891-1969
Alexander, Jane (nee Bartlett)  US actress & admin.; chairman of National Endowment for the Arts 1993-- _1939--
Alexander, Joshua Willis  US lawyer; Secy. of Commerce 1919-1921 _1852-1936
Alexander, [Andrew] Lamar  US polit.; gov. of Tennessee 1979-1987; Secy. of Education 1991-1993 _1940--
Alexander, Moses  US (Ger.-born) polit.; mayor of Boise 1897-1899, 1901-1903; gov. of Idaho 1915-1919; 1st Jewish gov. in US _1853-1932
Alexandrov, Alexander Vasilyevich  Rus. Soviet composer; composed Soviet national anthem "Gimn sovyetskovo soyuza" 1943 (also "Hymn of the Soviet Union"; adopted 1944) _1883-1946
Alexandrov, Anatoly Petrovich  Rus. engineer; pres. of Soviet Academy of Sciences 1975-1986 _1903-1994
Alexei Mikhailovich  Rus. tsar 1645-1676; ruled under regency 1645-1651; son of Mikhail Romanov _1629-1676
Alexei Petrovich (also Alexis)  Rus. tsarevitch; executed; son of Peter I; father of Peter II _1690-1718
Alexius  Rom. saint; patron saint of beggars _4XX
Alexius I Comnenus  Byzantine emperor 1081-1118 _1048-1118
Alfano, Franco  It. composer; completed Giacomo Puccini's unfinished opera "Turandot" 1926 _1877-1954
Alfaro, Eloy  Ecuadorian gen. & polit.; pres. of Ecuador 1897-1901, 1907-1911; murdered _1864-1912
Alfieri, Vittorio, Conte  It. patriot & tragic dram. & poet; wrote plays "Cleopatra" 1775, "Saul", "Sofonisba", "Antigone" _1749-1803
Alfonsin [Foulkes], Raul  Argentine polit.; pres. of Argentina 1983-1989 _1926--
Alfonso X (the Wise, the Learned, el Sabio)  Sp. scholar; king of Castile & Leon 1252-1282; patron of learning _1221-1284
Alfonso XII  Sp. king 1874-1885; son of Isabella II _1857-1885
Alfonso XIII  Sp. king 1886-1931; ruled under regency 1886-1902; overthrown; son of Alfonso XII _1886-1941
Alford, Kenneth (orig. Frederick Ricketts)  Brit. composer of marches; composed tune "Colonel Bogey March" 1914 _1881-1945
Alfred the Great  Eng. king 871-899; son of Ethelwulf _849?-899
Alfven, Hannes Olof Gosta  Swed. astrophysicist & plasma phys.; NP Phys. 1970 _1908--
Alger, Horatio  US aut.; wrote rags-to-riches stories "Ragged Dick" 1867, "From Canal Boy to President" 1881 _1832-1899
Alger, Russell Alexander  US polit.; gov. of Michigan 1885-1887; Secy. of War 1897-1899 _1836-1907
Alhazen (Abu-'Ali al-Hasan ibn-al-Haytham)  Arab phys.; father of optics _965?-1039?
'Ali [ibn Abi Talib]  4th orthodox caliph 656-661; cousin of Muhammad _600?-661
Ali Bey III (Sidi Ali Bey III Muddat)  ruler of Tunisia 1882-1902; 1st ruler under Fr. protectorate _1817-1902
Ali Bogra, Muhammad  Pakistani polit.; prime min. of Pakistan 1953-1955 _1909-1963
Ali Pasa (the Lion of Janina)  Turkish pasha _1741-1822
Ali, Chaudhri Muhammad  Pakistani polit.; prime min. of Pakistan 1955-1956 _1905-1980
Ali, Muhammad (orig. Cassius Marcellus Clay)  US boxer _1942--
Ali, Zine El Abidene ben (also Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali)  Tunisian polit.; pres. of Tunisia 1987-- _1936--
Alia, Ramiz  Albanian Communist polit.; pres. of Albania 1982-1992 _1925--
Alioto, Joseph Lawrence  US polit.; mayor of San Francisco 1968-1976 _1916--
Aliyev, Heidar Ali Rza ogly (also Geidar Aliev, Gaidar Aliyev)  Azerbaijan Communist polit.; helped rebels overthrow Abulfaz Elchibey; pres. of Azerbaijan 1993-- _1923--
Al-Khwarizmi, Muhammad ibn Musa (also Mohammed al-Khuwa-rizmi)  Arab math.; source of word "algorithm" _780?-850?
Allais, Maurice  Fr. economist; NP Econ. 1988 _1911--
Allegra, Antonio  It. lyricist; wrote national anthem of Holy See (Vatican City) "Inno and Marcia Pontificale" (adopted 1949) _1905-1969
Allen, Ethan  US soldier in American Revolution; led Green Mountain Boys; captured Fort Ticonderoga 1775 _1738-1789
Allen, Euphemia (pseud. Arthur de Lulli)  Brit. composer; composed tune "Chopsticks" 1877 _1861?-1949
Allen, Frank  US polit.; gov. of Massachusetts 1929-1931 _1874-1950
Allen, Fred (orig. John Florence Sullivan)  US radio comedian _1894-1956
Allen, George Felix  US Rep. polit.; gov. of Virginia 1994-- _1952--
Allen, George Herbert  US football coach; coach of Los Angeles Rams 1966-1970; coach of Washington Redkins 1971-1977 _1922-1990
Allen, Gracie Ethel Cecil Rosaline  US actress; wife of George Burns _1906-1964
Allen, Ivan Jr.  US polit.; mayor of Atlanta 1961-1970 _1911--
Allen, Lew Jr.  US air force gen.; director of National Security Agency 1973-1977 (NSA); air force chief of staff 1978-1982; director of Jet Propulsion Laboratory 1982-1990 _1925--
Allen, Marcus  US football player; Super Bowl MVP 1984 _1960--
Allen, Paul  US computer industrialist; co-founded Microsoft 1975 with Bill Gates _1953?--
Allen, Richard Vincent  US political sci.; national security advisor 1981-1982 _1936--
Allen, Robert Eugene  US telecommunications businessman; pres. of AT&T 1986-1988; CEO & chairman of AT&T 1988-- _1935--
Allen, William  Eng. cardinal _1532-1594
Allen, William McPherson  US aircraft businessman; pres. of Boeing Co. 1945-1970; chairman of Boeing Co. 1970-1972 _1900-1985
Allen, Woody (orig. Allen Stewart Konigsberg)  US movie actor, comedian, & director; wrote, starred in, & directed movies "Bananas" 1971, "Sleeper" 1973, "Annie Hall" 1977, "Manhattan" 1979, "Husbands and Wives" 1992 _1935--
Allenby, Edmund Henry Hynman  Brit. marshal in Boer War & World War I; led Egyptian expeditionary force against Ottoman Empire 1917-1918 _1861-1936
Allende [Gossens], Salvador  Chilean Communist polit.; pres. of Chile 1970-1973; overthrown & killed _1908-1973
Alley, Alphonse Amadou  Benin army officer & polit.; pres. of Benin 1967-1968 _1930--
Alleyne, Edward  Eng. actor _1566-1626
Alley, Kirstie  US actress; starred in movies "Star Trek II: the Wrath of Khan" 1982, "Look Who's Talking" 1989, series "Cheers" 1987-1993 _1951--
Allilueva, Nadezhda Sergeyevna  Georgian-Rus. 2nd wife of Joseph Stalin 1919 _1902-1932
Allred, James  US polit.; gov. of Texas 1935-1939 _1889-1959
Allston, Washington  US landscape painter _1779-1843
Alma-Tadema, Lawrence, Sir  Eng. (Dutch-born) painter _1836-1912
Almeida, Antonio de  Port. polit.; pres. of Portugal 1919-1923 _1866-1929
Almeida Cabral, Luiz de  Guinea-Bissau nationalist & polit.; 1st pres. of Guinea-Bissau 1974-1980; overthrown _1931--
Almodovar, Pedro  Sp. movie director; directed movies "Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown" 1988, "Tie Me Up, Tie Me Down" 1990 _1951--
Almond, James Lindsay Jr.  US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1958-1962 _1898-1986
Alois I [Josef]  prince of Liechtenstein 1781-1805; son of Franz Josef I _1759-1805
Alois II  prince of Liechtenstein 1836-1858; son of Johann I _1796-1858
Alpher, Ralph Asher  US cosmologist; predicted background radiation from big bang 1948 _1921--
Alpini, Prospero  It. boanist; discovered sexuality of plants _1553-1617
Altamirano [Talavera], Luis  Chilean gen. & polit.; pres. of Chile 1924-1925 _18XX-1938
Altdorfer, Albrecht  Ger. architect & landscape painter _1480-1538
Altgeld, John Peter  US (Ger.-born) polit.; gov. of Illinois 1893-1897 _1847-1902
Althusser, Louis  Fr. (Algerian-born) murderer & Marxist philos. _1918-1990
Altman, Robert  US movie director, producer, & screenwriter; directed movies "MASH" 1970, "The Player" 1992, directed & wrote movie "Short Cuts" 1993 _1925--
Altman, Robert  US banker & lawyer; acquitted in BCCI scandal; 2nd husband of Lynda Carter; law partner & protege of Clark Clifford _1947?--
Altman, Roger  US admin.; deputy secy. of treasury 1993-1994; resigned over Whitewater inquiry _1947--
Altman, Sidney  US (Can.-born) biochem.; NP Chem. 1989 _1939--
Alvarado, Pedro de  Sp. conquistador; companion of Cortes in Mexico _1485?-1541
Alvarez, Luis Walter  US phys.; developed liquid-hydrogen bubble chamber; NP Phys. 1968 _1911-1988
Alvarez, Walter  US geologist; co-proposed impact theory for extinction of dinosaurs with Luis Alvarez; son of Luis Alvarez _1940--
Alvarez [Armellino], Gregorio Conrado  Uruguayan gen. & polit.; pres. of Uruguay 1981-1984 _1925--
Alvarez de Toledo, Fernando  Sp. gen. _1507-1582
Alvarez Quintero, Serafin  Sp. dram. _1873-1944
Alvear, Marcelo Torcuato de  Argentine polit.; pres. of Argentina 1922-1928 _1868-1942
Alzado, Lyle  US football player _1949-1992
Alzheimer, Alois  Ger. neuropathologist & psychiatrist; describer 1907 & eponym of Alzheimer's disease _1864-1915
Amadeus I (also Amadeo I of Savoy; Duke de Aosta)  It-born Sp. king 1871-1873; abdicated _1845-1890
Amado, Jorge  Brazilian nov.; wrote novels "A pais do Carnaval" 1932, "Gabriella, Clove and Cinnamon" 1958, "The Swallow and the Tom Cat" 1982 _1912--
Aman Ullah Khan  last emir of Aghanistan 1919-1926; 1st king of Afghanistan 1926-1929; abdicated; son of Habib Ullah _1882-1960
Amar, Amardyn  Mongolian Communist polit.; pres. of Mongolia 1928, 1934-1936 _1886-1939
Amar Das  Indian Sikh religious leader; 3rd Sikh guru 1552-1574 _1479-1574
Amati, Niccolo  It. violin-maker in Cremona _1596-1684
Amato, Giuliano  It. polit.; prime min. of Italy 1992-1993 _1938--
Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji  Indian lawyer; advocate for untouchable caste; helped draft Indian constitution _1893-1956
Ambrose (also Ambrosius)  It. saint & church father; bishop of Milan _339-397
Ameche, Alan Dante (the Horse)  US football player; fullback for Baltimore Colts 1955-1960 _1933--
Ameche, Don (orig. Dominic Felix Amici)  US movie actor; starred in movies "Trading Places" 1983, "Cocoon" 1985 _1908-1993
Amenhotep III  king of Egypt 1402b?-1364b?; member of 18th dynasty; father of Akhenaton; great-grandson of Thutmose III _1414b?-1364b?
Ames, Aldrich Hazen (Rick)  US intelligence officer, spy, & traitor; worked for CIA 1962-1994; leaked information to Soviets 1985-1994; imprisoned 1994 _1941?--
Ames, James Barr  US law educator; popularized case-study method of teaching law; dean of Harvard Law School 1895-1910 _1846-1910
Ames, Oakes  US polit. & railroad industrialist; involved in Credit Mobilier scandal; father of Oliver Ames _1804-1873
Ames, Oliver  US polit.; gov. of Massachusetts 1887-1890; son of Oakes Ames _1831-1895
Amette, Leon Adolphe  Fr. Catholic cardinal; archbishop of Paris 1908-1920; consecrated Sacre Coeur Cathedral 1919 _1850-1920
Amezaga, Juan Jose de  Uruguayan polit.; pres. of Uruguay 1943-1947 _1881-1956
Amherst, Jeffrey  Brit. gen.; gov-gen. of Brit. N. America 1760-1763 _1717-1797
Amherst, William Pitt (Earl of Amherst)  Brit. admin. in India; gov-gen. of Brit. E. India Co. 1823-1828 _1773-1857
Amin, Hafizullah  Afghan polit.; head of state of Afghanistan 1979; overthrown & killed by Soviet-backed coup & invasion _1917-1979
Amin, Idi (Idi Amin Dada Oumee)  Ugandan dictator, gen., & polit.; pres. of Uganda 1971-1979; overthrown _1925--
Amin, Nurul  Pakistani polit.; prime min. of Pakistan 1971-1972 _1897-1974
Amini, Ali  Iranian polit. & reformer; prime min. of Iran 1961-1962 _1905-1992
Amis, Kingsley William, Sir  Eng. aut. & humorist; wrote novels "Lucky Jim" 1954, "I Like It Here" 1958, "Colonel Sun" 1958, "The Old Devils" 1986 _1922--
Ammann, Othmar Hermann  US (Swi.-born) bridge engineer; designed George Washington bridge & Verrazano-Narrows bridge _1879-1965
Amontons, Guillaume  Fr. instrument inventor & phys.; improved barometer, hygrometer, & thermometer; discovered pressure-temperature gas law _1663-1705
Amos, Wallace Jr. (Wally; Famous Amos)  US cookie businessman; founder & eponym of Famous Amos Chocolate Cookie Co. 1975 _1936--
Ampere, Andre-Marie  Fr. math. & phys.; studied electricity & magnetism; source of word "ampere" _1775-1836
Amundsen, Roald Engelbregt Gravning  Norw. Arctic & Antarctic explorer; 1st to reach S. Pole 1911 _1872-1928
Anacletus (also Cletus)  saint & pope 076?-088? _0XX-088?
Anacletus II (orig. Pietro Pierleoni)  It. antipope 1130-1138 _10XX-1138
Anacreon  Gk. lyric poet, love poet, & satirist _582b?-485b?
Anastasius I  It. saint & pope 399-401 _3XX-401
Anastasius II  It. pope 496-498 _4XX
Anastasius III  It. pope 911-913 _8XX-913?
Anastasius IV (orig. Corrado)  It. pope 1153-1154 _10XX-1154
Anastasius I  Rom. emperor of E. 491-518 _430?-518
Anastasius II  Rom. emperor of E. 713-716 _6XX-721
Anastasius Bibliothecarius  It. librarian, scholar, & antipope 855 _8XX-877?
Anaxagoras  Gk. astronomer & natural philos. in Athens; explained eclipses & phases of moon _5XXb-428b?
Anaximander  Gk. astronomer, geographer, & natural philos.; proposed cylindrical Earth _611b-547b
Anaximenes  Gk. natural philos.; 1st sci. to distinguish between planets & stars _611b?-546b?
An Chung-gun  Korean nationalist; assassin of Hirobumi Ito; executed _1879-1910
Anders, Wladyslaw  Pol. gen. _1892-1970
Andersen, Hans Christian  Dan. poet & fairy tale aut. _1805-1875
Anderson, Carl David  US phys.; discovered positron 1932; discovered muon 1935; NP Phys. 1936 _1905-1991
Anderson, Clinton Presba  US admin.; Secy. of Agriculture 1945-1948 _1895-1975
Anderson, Dillon  US admin.; national security advisor 1955-1956 _1906-1974
Anderson, Elizabeth (nee Garrett)  Eng. physician; 1st female Eng. physician; 1st female Eng. mayor 1908; sister of Millicent Fawcett _1836-1917
Anderson, Eugenie (Helen; nee Moore)  US diplomat; 1st female US ambassador 1949 _1909--
Anderson, Forrest Howard  US polit.; gov. of Montana 1969-1973; suicide _1913-1989
Anderson, [William] French (W. French Anderson)  US geneticist & molecular biologist; pioneer of gene therapy _1936--
Anderson, George Whelan Jr.  US adm.; chief of naval operations 1961-1963 _1906-1992
Anderson, John  Brit. polit. _1882-1958
Anderson, John Bayard  US polit.; Independent pres. cand. 1980 _1922--
Anderson, Joseph  US polit.; pres. pro tempore of Senate 1805 _1757-1837
Anderson, Judith, Dame (orig. Frances Margaret Anderson)  Austr. actress _1898-1992
Anderson, Kenneth Allan (Ken)  US football player _1949--
Anderson, Loni Kaye  US actress; wife of Burt Reynolds 1988; divorced _1946--
Anderson, Marian  US contralto singer _1902-1993
Anderson, Maxwell  US historical dram.; wrote plays "Both Your Houses" 1933, "Winterset" 1935 _1888-1959
Anderson, Ottis  US football player; Super Bowl MVP 1991 _1957--
Anderson, Philip Warren  US phys.; NP Phys. 1977 _1923--
Anderson, Poul William  US science fiction aut.; wrote novels "Brain Wave" 1954, "The High Crusade" 1960, "The Avatar" 1978, Technic History series, Time Patrol series _1926--
Anderson, Richard Dean  US television actor; starred in series "MacGyver" 1985-1992 _1950--
Anderson, Robert  US gen.; surrendered Fort Sumter to Confederates 1861 _1805-1871
Anderson, Robert Bernard  US admin. & businessman; secy. of navy 1953-1954; Secy. of Treasury 1957-1961 _1910-1989
Anderson, Sherwood  US nov. & short story aut.; wrote "Winesburg, Ohio" 1919 _1876-1941
Anderssen, [Karl Ernst] Adolf  Pol. chess player _1818-1878
Anderssen, Benny  Swed. musician, singer, songwriter, & writer of musicals; member of Abba; husband of Anni-frid Synni-Lyngstad _1946--
Andom, Aman Mikael  Ethiopian gen. & polit.; head of state of Ethiopia 1974; deposed & killed _19XX-1974
Andrassy, Gyula, Count (also Julius Andrassy)  Hung. diplomat & polit. _1823-1890
Andrassy, Gyula Jr., Count (also Julius Andrassy)  Hung. diplomat & polit. _1860-1929
Andre, John  Brit. spy in American Revolution; conspired with Benedict Arnold; executed _1750-1780
Andrea del Sarto (also Andrea d'Agnolo)  It. Florentine fresco painter _1486-1530
Andrea, Johann Valentin  Ger. satirist & Lutheran theol.; founder of Rosicrucianism _1586-1654
Andrei I Bogolyubsky  Rus. grand prince 1169-1174; 1st to bear title of grand prince of all Russia; son of Yuri Dolgoruki _1110?-1174
Andrei II  Rus. grand prince 1249-1252; son of Yaroslav II _1222-1264
Andrei III  Rus. grand prince 1281-1283, 1293-1304; son of Alexander Nevsky _1255?-1304
Andreotti, Giulio  It. polit.; prime min. of Italy 1972-1973, 1976-1979, 1989-1992; It. foreign minister 1983-1989 _1919--
Andretti, Mario Gabriel  US (It.-born) automobile racer _1940--
Andrew  Galilean apostle, martyr, & saint; disciple of John the Baptist; 1st apostle of Jesus; elder brother of Peter; patron saint of fishermen _0XX
Andrew (Andrew Albert Christian Edward; Duke of York)  Brit. prince; son of Elizabeth II _1960--
Andrew, John Albion  US polit.; gov. of Massachusetts 1861-1866 _1818-1867
Andrew, Samuel  American Congregational clergyman & educator; rector of Yale Univ. 1707-1719 _1656-1738
Andrews, Elisha Benjamin  US economist & educator; pres. of Brown Univ. 1889-1898 _1844-1917
Andrews, Harry  Brit. actor _1911-1989
Andrews, John Miller  Irish polit.; prime min. of N. Ireland 1940-1943 _1871-1956
Andrews, Julie (orig. Julia Elizabeth Wells)  US (Eng.-born) actress & singer; starred in movies "Mary Poppins" 1964, "The Sound of Music" 1965 _1935--
Andrews, Roy Chapman  US naturalist & zoologist; discovered fossilized dinosaur eggs _1884-1960
Andrews, Thomas  Irish chem. & phys.; discovered existence of critical point for liqufaction of gases _1813-1885
Andreyev, Leonid Nikolayevich  Rus. artist & aut. _1871-1919
Andriamahazo, Gilles  Malagasy gen. & polit.; military pres. of Madagascar 1975; successor of Richard Ratsimandrava _1919--
Andric, Ivo (the Yugoslav Tolstoy)  Yugoslavian diplomat & Serbo-Croatian aut.; wrote "The Bridge on the Drina" 1945, "Bosnian Story" 1945; NP Lit. 1961 _1892-1975
Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich  Rus. Soviet Communist polit; chairman of KGB 1967-1982; secy-gen. of Soviet Communist Party 1982-1984; chairman of Presidium of Supreme Soviet 1983-1984 _1914-1984
Andros, Edmund, Sir  Brit. colonial gov. in America _1637-1714
Andrus, Cecil Dale  US polit.; gov. of Idaho 1971-1977, 1987--; Secy. of Interior 1977-1981 _1931--
Anfinsen, Christian Boehmer  US biochem.; NP Chem. 1972 _1916--
Angad  Indian Sikh religious leader; 2nd Sikh guru 1539-1552; devised Gurmukhi script for Punjabi _1504-1552
Angela Merici  It. religious leader & saint; founded Ursuline order 1535; canonized 1807 _1474?-1540
Angelico, Fra (orig. Guido di Pietro)  It. Florentine mural painter _1400?-1455
Angell, James Rowland  US educator & psychologist; pres. of Yale Univ. 1921-1937 _1869-1949
Angell, Norman, Sir (orig. Ralph Norman Angell Lane)  Eng. aut. & pacifist lecturer; wrote anti-war book "The Great Illusion" 1910; NP Peace 1933 _1874-1967
Angelou, Maya (orig. Marguerite Annie Johnson)  US aut. & poet; wrote autobiography "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" 1970, poem "On the Pulse of Morning" read at Bill Clinton's inauguration 1993 _1928--
Angstrom, Anders Jonas  Swed. phys. & spectroscopist; studied solar spectrum; source of word "angstrom" _1814-1874
Anicetus  Syrian saint & pope 155?-166? _1XX
Anka, Paul Albert  US (Can.-born) singer & songwriter _1941--
Ankrah, Joseph Arthur  Ghanaian gen. & polit.; head of state of Ghana 1966-1969 _1915--
Anna Ivanovna  Rus. tsarina 1730-1740; established reign of terror with Ernst Biron; daughter of Ivan V; niece of Peter I _1693-1740
Anne  last duchess of Brittany 1488-1514; wife of Charles VIII; wife of Louis XII _1477-1514
Anne  Brit. queen 1702-1714; last ruler of House of Stuart; daughter of James II _1665-1714
Anne (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise)  Brit. princess; daughter of Elizabeth II _1950--
Anne of Austria  Aus. wife of Louis XIII of France; regent of France 1643-1651; daughter of Philip III of Spain; mother of Louis XIV _1601-1666
Anne of Cleves  Ger. 4th wife of Henry VIII of England 1540; divorced 1540 _1515-1557
Anouilh, Jean  Fr. dram.; wrote plays "Le Voyageur sans bagage" 1938, "Le Bal des Voleurs" 1938 (also "Theives' Carnival"), "Antigone" 1946, "Becket" 1961 _1910-1987
Anselm  Eng. prelate & saint; archbishop of Canterbury 1093-1109; canonized 1494 _1033?-1109
Antall, Jozsef Jr.  Hung. historian & polit.; leader of Hung. Democratic Forum 1989-1993; 1st post-Communist prime min. of Hungary 1990-1993 _1932-1993
Anterus  Gk. saint & pope 235-236 _1XX-236
Anthony  Egyptian monk & saint; founder of Christian monasticism _250?-355
Anthony, Henry Bowen  US polit.; gov. of Rhode Island 1849-1851; pres. pro tempore of Senate 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1875 _1815-1884
Anthony, Piers (pseud. of Piers Anthony Dillingham Jacob)  US (Eng.-born) fantasy & science fiction nov.; wrote Xanth series 1977-- (including novel "A Spell for Chameleon" 1977), Apprentice Adept series 1980-1991 _1934--
Anthony, Susan Brownell  US abolitionist & suffragist _1820-1906
Anthony (also Antony) of Padua  It. saint & Franciscan monk _1195-1231
Antigonus I (Cyclops)  Macedonian gen.; king of Macedonia 306b-301b _382b-301b
Antiochus III (the Great)  Seleucid king of Syria 223b-187b _242b-187b
Antiochus IV (Epiphanes)  Seleucid king of Syria 175b-164b _215b?-164b
Antipater  Macedonian gen. _397b?-319b?
Antisthenes  Gk. philos. at Athens; founder of Cynic school _445b?-365b?
Antonescu, Ion  Romanian gen. & dictator 1940-1944; overthrown; killed _1882-1946
Anton Florian  1st prince of Liechtenstein 1719-1721 _1656-1721
Antoninus Pius  Rom. emperor 138-161 _086-161
Antonius, Marcus (also Mark Antony)  Rom. gen., orator, & polit.; member of 2nd Triumvirate; lost battle of Actium 031b _082b?-030b
Apelles  Gk. painter _3XXb
Apithy, Sourou Migan  Benin polit.; pres. of Benin 1964-1965 _1913--
Apollinaire, Guillaume (also Wilhelm Appollinaris; orig. Apollinaris Kostrowitzky)  Fr. (It.-born) Surrealist poet; wrote poetry collections "L'Enchanteur Pourissant" 1909, "Le Bestaire" 1911; coined word "surrealism" _1880-1918
Apollonius of Rhodes  Gk. poet _2XXb
Apollonius of Perga (Appolonius Pergaeus)  Gk. math.; studied conic sections _247b?-205b?
Aponte Martinez, Luis  US Catholic cardinal 1973; archbishop of San Juan 1964-- _1922--
Appel, Johann von, Freiherr  Aus. admin.; Aus. gov. of Bosnia & Herzegovina 1882-1903 _1826-1906
Appert, Francois  Fr. inventor of airtight food preservation _1749?-1841
Appleton, Edward Victor, Sir  Eng. atmospheric phys.; discoverer & eponym of Appleton layer (also F layer) of ionosphere; NP Phys. 1947 _1892-1965
Apraksin, Fyodor Matveyevich (also Fyodor Matveyevich Apraxin)  Rus. adm. _1661-1728
Apuleius, Lucius  Rom. philos., rhetorician, & satirist; wrote farce "The Golden Ass" _124?-170?
Aquinas, Thomas (the Angelic Doctor)  It. saint & theol.; synthesized Aristotelian & Catholic ideas; patron saint of students; canonized 1323; beliefs became official Catholic doctrine 1879 _1225?-1274
Aquino, Benigno Jr.  Philippine dissident leader; assassinated; husband of Corazon Aquino 1954 _1932-1983
Aquino, [Maria] Corazon (nee Cojuangco)  Philippine polit.; pres. of Philippines 1986-1992; wife of Benigno Aquino 1954 _1933--
Aquino, Iva Ikuko Toguri d' (Tokyo Rose)  US radio propagandist & traitor in World War II _1916--
Arafat, Yasser (also Yasir Arafat; orig. Mohammed Abed Ar'ouf Arafat)  Palestinian polit., resistance leader, & terrorist; leader of PLO 1968--; NP Peace 1994 _1929--
Arago, Dominique Francois Jean  Fr. phys. & revolutionary _1786-1853
Araki, Takeshi  Japanese polit.; mayor of Hiroshima 1975-1991 _1916-1994
Aram, Eugene  Eng. philologist & murderer; proposed Celtic languages to be Indo-European; executed _1704-1759
Aramburu, Pedro Eugenio  Argentine gen. & polit.; pres. of Argentina 1955-1958 _1903-1970
Aramony, William  US admin.; pres. of United Way 1970-1992; resigned & indicted over misuse of funds _1927--
Arana [y Goiri], Sabino de  Sp. Basque nationalist & polit.; founded Basque Nationalist Party 1895; helped revive Basque language; designed 1st Basque flag; father of Basque nationalism _1865-1903
Aranha, Oswaldo  Brazilian lawyer & polit. _1894-1960
Arbenz [Guzman], Jacobo  Guatemalan army officer & polit.; pres. of Guatemala 1951-1954; overthrown _1913-1971
Arber, Werner  Swi. microbiologist; NP Med. 1978 _1929--
Arbus, Diane (nee Nemerov)  US photographer; suicide; sister of Howard Nemerov _1923-1971
Arbuthnot, John  Scot. aut. & physician; wrote pamphlets "The History of John Bull" 1712; created character John Bull _1667-1735
Arcaro, Eddie  US jockey _1916--
Arce, Manuel Jose  El Salvadoran polit.; 1st pres. of United States of Central America 1825-1829 _1787-1847
Archer, Dennis Wayne  US polit.; mayor of Detroit 1994-- _1942--
Archer, Jeffrey Howard  Eng. aut. & polit.; wrote novels "Not a Penny More, Not a Penny Less" 1975, "Shall We Tell the President?" 1976, "Kane and Abel" 1979 _1940--
Archer, William  Scot. critic & dram. _1856-1924
Archimedes [of Syracuse]  Gk. inventor, math., & phys.; discovered principles of buoyancy & the lever; discovered differential calculus; computed pi; killed _287b?-212b
Archipenko, Alexander Porfiryevich  US (Rus.-born) sculptor _1887-1964
Arden, Elizabeth (orig. Florence Nightingale Graham)  US (Can.-born) cosmetics industrialist; founder & eponym of Elizabeth Arden, Inc. 1910 _1884-1966
Arden, Eve (orig. Eunice Quedens)  US actress _1908-1990
Arden-Clarke, Charles Noble, Sir  Brit. colonial admin.; resident commissioner of Bechuanaland 1937-1942 (later Botswana); last gov. of Gold Coast 1949-1957 (later Ghana); 1st gov-gen. of Ghana 1957 _1898-1962
Arends, Leslie Cornelius  US polit.; House minority whip 1943-1947, 1949-1953, 1955-1975; House majority whip 1947-1949, 1953-1955 _1895-1985
Arendt, Hannah  US (Ger.-born) historian & social philos.; wrote political studies "Origins of Totalitarianism" 1951, "The Human Condition" 1958, "Eichmann in Jerusalem" 1963 _1906-1975
Aretino, Pietro  It. aut., poet, & satirist; wrote poetry collection "Sonetti Lussuriosi" _1492-1556
Argall, Samuel, Sir  Eng. adventurer & naval officer _1572?-1626?
Argan, Giulio Carlo  It. art historian & Communist polit.; 1st Communist mayor of Rome 1976-1979 _1909?-1992
Argand, Jean Robert  Swi. math.; studied complex numbers; eponym of Argand plane _1768-1822
Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August  Ger. astronomer; published star map _1799-1875
Arias [Madrid], Arnulfo  Panamanian dictator & polit.; pres. of Panama 1940-1941, 1941, 1949-1951, 1968; deposed each time _1901-1988
Arias [Sanchez], Oscar  Costa Rican polit.; pres. of Costa Rica 1986-1990; developed peace plan for Central America; NP Peace 1987 _1941--
Ariosto, Ludovico  It. epic poet; wrote epic poem "Orlando Furioso" 1516 _1474-1533
Aristarchus of Samos  Gk. astronomer & heliocentrist; 1st to propose heliocentric model of solar system _320b?-250b?
Aristarchus of Samothrace  Gk. critic & grammarian _215b?-145b?
Aristide, Jean Bertrand  Haitian clergyman & polit.; pres. of Haiti 1991, 1994--; overthrown but restored by US intervention _1953--
Aristides the Just  Gk. Athenian gen., polit., & reformer; led Athenians at battle of Plataea 479b _530b?-468b
Aristippus  Gk. hedonist philos.; leader of Cyreniacs; 1st student of Socrates to charge fees for instruction _435b?-366b
Aristophanes  Gk. Athenian comic dram.; wrote plays "Acharnians", "Birds", "Clouds", "Ecclesiazusae", "Frogs", "Knights", "Lysistrata", "Peace", "Plutus", "Thesmophoriazusae" _450b?-388b?
Aristophanes of Byzantium  Gk. scholar _257b?-180b
Aristotle (the Stagirite)  Gk. critic, logician, naturalist, philos., phys., & zoologist; father of logic; father of dramatic criticism; founder of Lyceum; wrote "Physics", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Politics", "Poetics" _384b-322b
Arius  Gk. heretic & theol.; founder & eponym of Arianism _250?-336
Ariyoshi, George Ryoichi  US polit.; gov. of Hawaii 1974-1986 _1926--
Arjun (also Arjan, Arjun Mal)  Indian Sikh religious leader; 5th Sikh guru 1581-1606; compiled Adi Granth 1604; son of Ram Das _1563-1606
Arkwright, Richard, Sir  Eng. industrialist & inventor of textile machines _1732-1792
Arlen, Harold  US songwriter; composed song "Over the Rainbow" 1939 _1905-1986
Arlen, Michael (orig. Dikran Kouyoumdjian)  Brit. (Bulgarian-born) nov.; wrote novels "Piracy" 1922, "The Green Hat" 1924 _1895-1956
Arminius (also Armin, Herman, Hermann)  Ger. military hero; defeated Romans at battle of Teutoburg Forest (Teutoburgerwald) 009 _018b?-019
Arminius, Jacobus (also Jacob Harmensen)  Dutch theol. _1560-1609
Armour, Philip Danforth  US meat industrialist; founder & eponym of Armour & Co. 1867 _1832-1901
Armstrong, Edwin Howard  US electrical engineer & radio inventor; invented FM (frequency modulation) radio; suicide _1890-1954
Armstrong, Hamilton Fish  US diplomat & editor; editor of magazine "Foreign Affairs" 1928-1972 _1893-1973
Armstrong, Henry  US boxer _1912-1988
Armstrong, John  US army officer & diplomat; Secy. of War 1813-1814 _1758-1843
Armstrong, Louis Daniel (Satchmo)  US jazz musician, scat singer, & trumpeter _1900-1971
Armstrong, Neil Alden  US astronaut; 1st human to walk on moon 1969 _1930--
Armstrong, Samuel Turell  US polit.; gov. of Massachusetts 1835-1836 _1784-1850
Armstrong, William George  Eng. industrialist & inventor _1810-1900
Arnaz, Desi III (Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y De Acha)  US (Cuban-born) television actor; starred in series "I Love Lucy" 1951-1957, "The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show" 1957-1959; husband of Lucille Ball _1917-1986
Arne, Thomas Augustine (Dr. Arne)  Eng. composer; composed masques "Judgement of Paris", "Alfred" (including song "Rule Britannia"), operas "Thomas and Sally", "Artaxerxes", "Love in a Village", oratorio "Judith" _1710-1778
Arnett, Peter Gregg  US (New Zealand-born) journalist & newscaster _1934--
Arno, Peter  US cartoonist _1904-1968
Arnold of Villanova  Sp. alchemist & physician; discovered carbon monoxide & pure alcohol _1235?-1311
Arnold, Benedict  US Revolutionary War gen. & traitor _1741-1801
Arnold, Dorothy  US socialite; disappeared; niece of Rufus Peckham _18XX-1910?
Arnold, Henry Harley (Hap)  US air force gen.; father of US Air Force _1886-1950
Arnold, Matthew  Eng. critic & poet; wrote poem "Dover Beach" 1867 _1822-1888
Arnold, Roseanne (nee Barr)  US television actress & comedienne; starred in & eponym of series "Roseanne" 1988-- _1952--
Arnold, Thomas  Eng. educator; father of Matthew Arnold _1795-1842
Arnoldson, Klas Pontus  Swed. diplomat & pacifist; helped separate Norway & Sweden; NP Peace 1908 _1844-1916
Aron, Raymond Claude Ferdinand  Fr. editor & journalist _1905-1984
Arp, Jean (also Hans Arp)  Fr. Dadaist & Surrealist artist & poet _1887-1966
Arpad  Hung. national hero _8XX-907
Arrau, Claudio  Chilean pianist in US _1903-1991
Arrhenius, Svante August  Swed. physical chem.; discovered greenhouse effect 1896; proposed ions & activation energy; explained electrolytes by ionic dissociation; NP Chem. 1903 _1859-1927
Arriaga, Manuel Jose de  Port. polit.; pres. of Portugal 1911-1915 _1840-1917
Arrow, Kenneth Joseph  US economist & math.; NP Econ. 1972 _1921--
Arsonval, Jacques Arsene d'  Fr. biophysicist _1851-1940
Artaud, Antonin  Fr. actor, critic, & drama theorist; originated Theater of Cruelty movement _1896-1948
Artaxerxes I (Artaxerxes Longimanus)  king of Persia 465b-425b; son of Xerxes I _4XXb-425b?
Artaxerxes II (Artaxerxes Mnemon)  king of Persia 404b-359b? _4XXb-359b?
Artaxerxes III (Artaxerxes Ochus)  king of Persia 359b?-338b; assassinated; son of Artaxerxes II _3XXb-338b
Artemisia II  Persian queen of Caria 353b?-350b?; sister & wife of Mausolus; oversaw building of Mausoleum at Halicarnassus _3XXb-350b?
Artevelde, Jacob van  Flemish polit. _1290?-1345
Artevelde, Philip van  Flemish patriot _1340?-1382
Arthur, Beatrice (Bea; orig. Bernice Frankel)  US actress; starred in series "Maude" 1972-1978, "The Golden Girls" 1985-- _1923--
Arthur, Chester Alan  US polit.; vice-pres. of US 1881; 21st pres. of US 1881-1885 _1829-1886
Arthur, Ellen Lewis (nee Herndon)  US wife of Chester Alan Arthur 1859 _1837-1880
Artime, Manuel  Cuban soldier in US; led Bay of Pigs invasion 1961 _1932?-1977
Artin, Emil  US (Aus.-born) math. _1898-1962
Arundel, Thomas  Eng. prelate; archbishop of Canterbury 1396-1414; banished from England by Richard II _1353-1414
Aryabhata  Indian astronomer & math. _4XX-5XX
Asanuma, Inejiro  Japanese socialist polit.; assassinated _1898-1960
Asbury, Francis  US Methodist bishop _1745-1816
Asch, Sholem (also Shalom Asch)  US (Pol.-born) aut. in Yiddish _1880-1957
Ascham, Roger  Eng. aut. & scholar _1515-1568
Asgeirsson, Asgeir  Icelandic polit.; prime min. of Iceland 1932-1934; pres. of Iceland 1952-1968 _1894-1972
Ashberry, John Lawrence  US aut. & poet; wrote poetry collections "Some Trees" 1956, "Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror" 1975 _1927--
Ashburton, Alexander Baring, Baron  Brit. diplomat; negotiated Webster-Ashburtob Treaty with Daniel Webster 1842 _1774-1848
Ashcroft, Peggy, Dame (Edith Margaret Emily Ashcroft)  Brit. actress _1907-1991
Ashcroft, John  US polit.; gov. of Missouri 1985-1993 _1942--
Ashe, Arthur Robert Jr.  US tennis player _1943-1993
Ashida, Hitoshi  Japanese polit.; prime min. of Japan 1948 _1887-1959
Ashman, Howard  US lyricist, songwriter, & writer of musicals _1951-1991
Asimov, Isaac  US (Rus.-born) aut., science fiction nov., & scholar; wrote short story collection "I, Robot" 1950, novels "Foundation" 1951, "Foundation and Empire" 1952, "Second Foundation" 1953, "The Gods Themselves" 1972 _1920?-1992
Askew, Reubin O'Donovan  US polit.; gov. of Florida 1971-1979 _1928--
Asoka (also Ashoka)  king of India 272b?-232b?; established Buddhism as official religion of India _2XXb-232b?
Aspasia  Gk. Athenian (Miletus-born) consort of Pericles _470b?-410b
Aspin, Leslie Jr. (Les)  US polit.; chairman of House Armed Services Committee 1985-1993; Secy. of Defense 1993-1994 _1938--
Asquith, Herbert Henry  Brit. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1908-1916 _1852-1928
Assad, Hafiz al- (also Hafez al-Assad, Hafiz al-Asad)  Syrian gen. & polit. of Ba'ath Party; prime min. of Syria 1970-1971; pres. of Syria 1971-- _1928--
Asser, Tobias Michael Carel  Dutch international lawyer; NP Peace 1911 _1838-1913
Assurbanipal (also Ashurbanipal)  king of Assyria 668b-627b _6XXb
Astaire, Fred (orig. Frederick Austerlitz)  US dancer & movie actor _1899-1987
Aston, Francis William  Eng. chem. & phys.; inventor of mass spectrograph; confirmed Frederick Soddy's theory of isotopes; NP Chem. 1922 _1877-1945
Astor, John Jacob  US (Ger.-born) fur businessman _1763-1848
Astor, Mary (orig. Lucille Vasconcellos Langhanke)  US movie actress _1906-1987
Astor, Nancy Witcher  Brit. polit.; 1st woman in Brit. Parliament 1919-1945 _1879-1964
Asturias, Miguel Angel  Guatemalan aut.; translated Popol Vuh into Spanish; wrote novels "Men of Maize" 1949, "The President" 1963; NP Lit. 1967 _1899-1974
Atahualpa (also Atahuallpa, Atabalipa)  Inca king of Peru 1525-1532; defeated & killed by Francisco Pizarro; son of Huayna Capac _1502?-1533
Ataturk, [Mustafa] Kemal (Father of Modern Turkey)  Turkish polit. & reformer; 1st pres. of Turkey 1923-1938 _1881-1938
Atchison, David Rice  US polit.; pres. pro tempore of Senate 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1852, 1853; technically US pres. March 5-6, 1849 _1807-1886
Athanasius  Gk. saint & church father _293?-373
Athitaya Dibhabha  Siamese polit.; chief regent of Siam 1935-1944 _19XX
Athlone, Earl of (Augustus Alexander Frederick William George Cambridge)  Brit. polit.; gov-gen. of Union of S. Africa 1924-1931; gov-gen. of Canada 1940-1946 _1874-1957
Atiyah, Michael Francis, Sir  Eng. math.; studied K-theory, cobordism, & theory of indices; Fields Medal 1966 _1929--
Atkins, Chester Burton (Chet)  US guitarist _1924--
Atkinson, Henry  US army officer _1782-1842
Atkinson, Robert Chatham  US admin., educator, & psychologist; director of National Science Foundation 1976-1980 (NSF) _1929--
Atlas, Charles (orig. Angelo Siciliano)  US (It.-born) bodybuilder _1894-1972
'Attar, Farid od-Din Mohammad ebn Ebrahim  Persian mystical poet _1142?-1220?
Attas, Haydar Abu Bakr al-  Yemeni polit.; prime min. of S. Yemen 1985-1986; last pres. of S. Yemen 1986-1990; prime min. of Yemen 1990-- _1939--
Attenborough, Richard Samuel, Sir  Brit. movie actor, director, & producer; directed movies "A Bridge Too Far" 1977, "A Chorus Line" 1985, "Chaplin" 1992, directed & produced "Gandhi" 1982, starred in "Jurassic Park" 1993 _1923--
Atterbom, Per Daniel Amadeus  Swed. Romantic poet _1790-1855
Atticus, Titus Pomponius  Rom. aut., businessman, & historian; friend of Cicero _110b-032b
Attila (Attila the Hun; also Etzel; the Scourge of God)  Hun conqueror & king; lost battle of Chalons 451 _406?-453
Attlee, Clement Richard  Eng. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1945-1951 _1883-1967
Attucks, Crispus  US patriot; killed in Boston massacre _1723?-1770
Atwater, Harvey Leroy (Lee)  US polit.; chairman of Rep. National Committee 1989-1991 _1951-1991
Atwood, George  Eng. math. & phys.; inventor & eponym of Atwood machine _1746-1807
Atwood, Margaret Eleanor  Can. critic, feminist, nov., & poet; wrote novels "The Handmaid's Tale" 1985, "Cat's Eye" 1989 _1939--
Atwood, Wallace Walter  US geographer & geologist _1872-1949
Atzerodt, George  US conspirator with John Wilkes Booth; deputed to assassinate Andrew Johnson 1865 _1832?-1865
Aubanel, Theodore  Provencal poet _1829-1886
Auber, Daniel Francois Esprit  Fr. operatic composer _1782-1871
Aubrey, James Jr.  US entertainment businessman; pres. of CBS 1959-1965; pres. of MGM 1969-1973 _1918-1994
Aubrey, John  Eng. antiquarian & gossip _1626-1697
Aubriot, Hugues  Fr. admin. & heretic; built Bastille 1369?; for heresy, 1st person imprisoned in Bastille _13XX-1391?
Auchincloss, Louis Stanton  US aut.; wrote "Pursuit of the Prodigal" 1960, "Portrait in Brownstone" 1962, "The Embezzler" 1966, "A World of Profit" 1968 _1917--
Auchinleck, Claude John Eyre, Sir  Brit. marshal in World War II _1884-1981
Auden, Wystan Hugh (W. H. Auden)  US (Eng.-born) critic & poet; son-in-law of Thomas Mann _1907-1973
Audubon, John James  US (Haitian-born) artist, conservationist, & ornithologist _1785-1851
Auenbrugger von Auenbrugg, Leopold  Aus. physician _1722-1809
Auer, Karl (Baron von Welsbach)  Aus. chem. & lighting inventor; discovered elements neodymium & praseodymium _1858-1929
Auer, Leopold  Hung. violinist _1845-1930
Auerbach, Berthold (orig. Moses Baruch Auerbacher)  Ger. nov.; wrote historical novel "Spinoza" 1837, novel "Schwarzwalder Dorfgeschichten" 1843 _1812-1882
Auerbach, Arnold Jacob (Red)  US basketball coach; coach of Boston Celtics 1950-1966 _1917--
Augier, [Guillaume Victor] Emile  Fr. dram. & poet _1820-1889
Augustine (also Aurelius Augustinus)  Carthaginian aut., saint, & church father; bishop of Hippo 396-430 _354-430
Augustine (also Austin; Apostle of the English)  Eng. prelate & saint; 1st archbishop of Canterbury 601-604 _5XX-604
Augustine, Norman Ralph  US aircraft businessman; pres. of Martin Marietta Aerospace Corp. 1986-1987; CEO of Martin Marietta Aerospace Corp. 1987--; chairman of Martin Marietta Aerospace Corp. 1988-- _1935--
Augustus II of Saxony  elected Pol. king 1697-1704, 1709-1733 _1670-1733
Augustus III  elected Pol. king 1734-1763; son of Augustus II _1696-1763
Augustus, Gaius Octavius (Octavian; Caesar Augustus)  Rom. polit.; member of 2nd Triumvirate; won battle of Philippi 042b; won battle of Actium 031b; 1st Rom. emperor 027b-014 _063b-014
Aung San  Burmese nationalist & polit.; head of government of Burma 1946-1947; assassinated _1914-1947
Aung San Suu Kyi, Daw  Burmese dissident & polit.; NP Peace 1991; daughter of Aung San _1945--
Aurangzeb (also Aurangzib; Alamgir I)  Mogul emperor of India 1658-1707; son of Shah Jahan _1618-1707
Aurelianus, Lucius Domitius (also Aurelian)  Rom. emperor 270-275 _215?-275
Aurelius Antoninus, Marcus  Rom. Stoic philos. & emperor 161-180 _121-180
Auric, Georges  Fr. composer & opera manager; member of Les Six _1899-1983
Auriol, Vincent  Fr. polit.; pres. of France 1947-1954; 1st pres. of 4th Fr. Rep. _1884-1966
Aurobindo Ghose, Sri  Indian mystic, nationalist, & poet _1872-1950
Austen, Jane  Eng. nov.; wrote novels "Sense and Sensibility" 1811, "Pride and Prejudice" 1813, "Mansfield Park" 1814, "Emma" 1815, "Persuasion" 1815, "Northanger Abbey" 1816 _1775-1817
Austin, Alfred  Eng. poet; wrote poetry collections "The Season: A Satire" 1861, "The Conversion of Winckelmann" 1862; Brit. poet laureate 1896-1913 _1835-1913
Austin, John  Eng. jurist _1790-1859
Austin, Mary (nee Hunter)  US dram. & nov.; wrote novels "The Land of Little Rain" 1903, "The Land of Journey's Ending" 1924, "Starry Adventure" 1931 _1868-1934
Austin, Stephen Fuller  US polit. & colonizer of Texas _1793-1836
Austin, Warren Robinson  US diplomat, lawyer, & polit.; US ambassador to UN 1947-1953 _1877-1962
Autry, Gene Orvon  US actor & singer _1907--
Avedon, Richard  US photographer _1923--
Avellaneda, Nicolas  Argentine polit.; pres. of Argentina 1874-1880 _1837-1885
Avenol, Joseph Louis Anne  Fr. diplomat; 2nd & last secy-gen. of League of Nations 1933-1940 _1879-1952
Averescu, Alexandre  Romanian gen. & polit.; prime min. of Romania 1920-1921, 1926-1927 _1859-1938
Averroes (also Averrhoes; orig. [abu-al-Walid Muhammad ibn-Ahmad] ibn-Rushd)  Sp.-Arab critic, diplomat, philos., physician, & commentator on Aristotle _1126-1198
Avery, Milton Clark  US artist _1893-1965
Avery, Frederick Bean (Tex)  US cartoonist & animator of Warner Brothers cartoons; collaborator with Friz Freleng _1908-1980
Avicenna  Arab (Persian-born) philos. & physician _979?-1037
Avila [Camacho], Manuel  Mex. gen. & polit.; pres. of Mexico 1940-1946 _1897-1955
Avilov, Nikolai Viktorovich  Ukrainian Soviet track athlete; won gold medal in Olympic decathlon 1972 _1948--
Avogadro, Amedeo (Conte di Quaregna e Ceretto)  It. chem. & phys.; discovered molar theory of gases _1776-1856
Avril, Prosper  Haitian gen. & polit.; helped overthrow Leslie Manigat; overthrew Henri Namphy; pres. of Haiti 1988-1990 _19XX--
Awolowo, Obafemi  Nigerian polit.; premier of W. Nigeria 1954-1963 _1909-1987
Axelrod, Julius  US biochem. & neurologist; co-developed Tylenol; NP Med. 1970 _1912--
Aydelotte, Frank  US educator; pres. of Swarthmore College 1921-1940; director of Institute for Advanced Study 1939-1947 _1880-1956
Ayer, Francis  US advertising businessman _1848-1923
Ayesha (also Aishah, Aisha, A'isha; Mother of the Faithful)  Arab favorite wife of Muhammad; daughter of Abu Bakr _611?-678
Aykroyd, Daniel Edward (Dan)  US (Can.-born) comedian & movie actor; starred in show "Saturday Night Live" 1975--, movies "The Blues Brothers" 1980, "Ghostbusters" 1984, "Spies Like Us" 1985, "Sneakers" 1992 _1952--
Aylesworth, Alan Bristol, Sir  Can. lawyer & polit. _1854-1952
Ayllon, Lucas Vasquez de  Sp. explorer _1475?-1526
Aylwin [Ozocar], Patricio  Chilean polit.; pres. of Chile 1990-- _1918--
Ayub Khan, Muhammad  Pakistani polit.; pres. of Pakistan 1958-1969; prime min. of Pakistan 1958-1969; resigned _1907-1974
Ayres, Leonard Porter  US statistician _1879-1946
Azam Shah  Mogul emperor of India 1707; son of Aurangzeb _1653-1707
Azana [y Diaz], Manuel  Sp. polit.; prime min. of Spain 1931-1933, 1936; pres. of Spain 1936-1939; resigned _1881-1940
Azevedo, Jose Baptista Pinheiro de  Port. polit., reformer, & revolutionary; helped overthrow Marcelo Caetano 1974; prime min. of Portugal 1975-1976 _1917-1983
Azhari, [Saiyid] Ismail al-  Sudanese nationalist & polit.; prime min. of Sudan 1954-1956; pres. of Sudan 1964-1969; overthrown _1900-1969
Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi (pseud. Zik)  Nigerian editor & polit.; last gov-gen. of Nigeria 1960-1963; 1st pres. of Nigeria 1963-1966; deposed _1904--
Aziz, Tariq  Iraqi polit.; Iraqi foreign minister 1983-1991 _1936--
Azlan Shah (Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Yussuf Izzud-din Ghafarullahu-Lahu Shah)  sultan of Perak 1985--; king of Malaysia 1989-- _1928--
Azzem, Abdul Rahman Hassan  Egyptian diplomat; 1st secy-gen. of Arab League 1945-1952 _1893-1976